Oracle FETCH

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the Oracle FETCH clause to limit the rows returned by a query.

Introduction to Oracle FETCH clause

Some RDBMS such as MySQL and PostgreSQL have the LIMIT clause that allows you to retrieve a portion of rows generated by a query.

See the following products and inventories tables in the sample database.

The following query uses the LIMIT clause to get the top 5 products with the highest inventory level:

SELECT
	product_name,
	quantity
FROM
	inventories
INNER JOIN products
		USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
	quantity DESC 
LIMIT 5;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this example, the ORDER BY clause sorts the products by stock quantity in descending order and the LIMIT clause returns only the first 5 products with the highest stock quantity.

Oracle Database does not have the LIMIT clause. However, since the 12c release, it provided a similar but more flexible clause named the row limiting clause.

By using the row-limiting clause, you can rewrite the query that uses the LIMIT clause above as follows:

SELECT
    product_name,
    quantity
FROM
    inventories
INNER JOIN products
        USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
    quantity DESC 
FETCH NEXT 5 ROWS ONLY;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this statement, the row limiting clause is:

FETCH NEXT 5 ROWS ONLYCode language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Similar to the statement that uses LIMIT clause above, the row limiting clause returns the top 5 products with the highest inventory level.

Oracle FETCH clause syntax

The following illustrates the syntax of the row limiting clause:

[ OFFSET offset ROWS]
 FETCH  NEXT [  row_count | percent PERCENT  ] ROWS  [ ONLY | WITH TIES ] 
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

 OFFSET clause

The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip before the row limiting starts. The OFFSET clause is optional. If you skip it, then the offset is 0, and row limiting starts with the first row.

The offset must be a number or an expression that evaluates to a number. The offset is subjected to the following rules:

• If the offset is negative, then it is treated as 0.
• If the offset is NULL or greater than the number of rows returned by the query, then no row is returned.
• If the offset includes a fraction, then the fractional portion is truncated.

 FETCH clause

The FETCH clause specifies the number of rows or percentage of rows to return.

For semantic clarity purposes, you can use the keyword ROW instead of ROWS, FIRST instead of  NEXT. For example, the following clauses behave the same:

FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS
FETCH FIRST 1 ROWCode language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

 ONLY | WITH TIES

The ONLY returns exactly the number of rows or percentage of rows after FETCH NEXT (or FIRST).

The WITH TIES returns additional rows with the same sort key as the last row fetched. Note that if you use WITH TIES, you must specify an ORDER BY clause in the query. If you don’t, the query will not return the additional rows.

Oracle FETCH clause examples

A) Top N rows example

The following statement returns the top 10 products with the highest inventory level:

SELECT
    product_name,
    quantity
FROM
    inventories
INNER JOIN products
        USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
    quantity DESC 
FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

B) WITH TIES example

The following query uses the row limiting clause with the WITH TIES option:

SELECT
	product_name,
	quantity
FROM
	inventories
INNER JOIN products
		USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
	quantity DESC 
FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS WITH TIES;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Even though the query requested 10 rows because it had the WITH TIES option, the query returned two more additional rows. Notice that these two additional rows have the same value in the quantity column as the row 10.

C) Limit by percentage of rows example

The following query returns the top 5% products with the highest inventory level:

SELECT
    product_name,
    quantity
FROM
    inventories
INNER JOIN products
        USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
    quantity DESC 
FETCH FIRST 5 PERCENT ROWS ONLY;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

The inventories table has 1112 rows, therefore, 5% of 1112 is 55.6 which is rounded up to 56 (rows).

D) OFFSET example

The following query skips the first 10 products with the highest level of inventory and returns the next 10 ones:

SELECT
	product_name,
	quantity
FROM
	inventories
INNER JOIN products
		USING(product_id)
ORDER BY
	quantity DESC 
OFFSET 10 ROWS 
FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the Oracle FETCH clause to limit rows returned by a query.